Green tea formulations

ABSTRACT

Green tea formulations and methods for the preparation thereof are shown and described. Generally speaking, the method of preparation includes the mixing of fresh tea leaves in an amount of cold water, followed by pulverization of the leaves to release their intracellular material from the cells of the green tea leaves into the water and form an aqueous extract component. The remaining cellular material forms a leaf residue component which is removed from the mixture. Once the leaf residue is removed, the aqueous extract component is collected and may be dried or further processed to produce a final tea extract that has good natural color, robust natural flavor, and pleasant organoleptic properties, which also is high in polyphenol content, and may be used for various purposes such as the creation of a green tea beverage.

PRIORITY DATA

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/877,757, filed on Jun. 24, 2004 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,232,585, theentirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to formulations derived from the green teaplant camellia sinensis, and to methods for the preparation thereof.Accordingly, the present invention involves the fields of botany,chemistry, and nutraceuticals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Leaves of the plant camellia sinensis have long been used in order tomake beverages known as “tea”. A variety of specific teas have beenproduced from this plant, such as white tea, green tea, oolong tea, andblack tea, each depending on the type and degree of post harvestprocessing to which the leaves are subjected. For example, thepreparation of leaves for white and green teas include only the steamingand drying of leaf and bud. By contrast, leaves used to make oolong andblack teas are typically withered, steamed and then fermented oroxidized to a selected degree. Of these, green tea and white tea are theleast processed, black tea leaves are the most processed, and oolong tealeaves receive an intermediate degree of processing. Once the tea leaveshave been prepared, the basic process of making a tea beverage typicallyentails brewing, steeping, or infusing the prepared leaves in hot water.

While tea has been traditionally prepared and consumed as a hot aqueousinfusion or brew for several centuries, modern times have produced anumber of variations on this known standard. Iced tea prepared andserved cold, instant tea produced from a fully soluble powder, andbottled tea prepared and shipped in a liquid state have all found aconsumer demand. Moreover, a number of additional herbal ingredientshave now been included with the tea in order to provide specificallydesired positive health benefits.

Of course, such preparations typically require a complicated productionprocedure and often require the use of various chemicals and additives.For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,482,450 to Goodsall et al., which isincorporated herein by reference, discloses methods for producing ablack leaf tea that infuses in either hot or cold water. The basicprocess described entails treating macerated green tea leaves withtannase, and then fermenting in the presence of a sufficient amounthydrogen peroxide to activate endogenous peroxidases and oxidize gallicacid and other tannase-liberated elements. The mixture is then dried.

In addition to traditional and cultural reasons for consuming tea, arenewed interest has been fueled by the discovery of strong antioxidantproperties provided by tea prepared from camellia sinensis leaves. Suchan antioxidant effect has been primarily attributed to the polyphenolcontent of the tea leaves.

The active constituents of green tea are believed to be the polyphenols,commonly known as tea catechins. The major tea catechins areepigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechingallate (ECG), and epicatechin (EC). Of these, EGCG is the most abundantand possesses the most potent antioxidative activity. Variouspolyphenols are thought to provide an antioxidant effect that may treator prevent various forms of cancer, and may also treat or prevent otherchronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis. See, Zhao B. et al., CellBiophys. 14,175 (1989); and Huang M. T. et al., Carcinogenesis 13, 947(1992); Nakachi K, Eguchi H, Imai K., Ageing Res Rev. January 2003,2(1): 1-10; Katiyar S K., Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr MetabolDisord. September 2003; 3(3): 234-42; Adhami V M, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H.,J. Nutr. July 2003; 133(7 Suppl): 2417S-2424S; Maron D J, et al. ArchIntern Med. Jun. 23, 2003; 163(12): 1448-53; Raederstorff D G,Schlachter M F, Elste V, Weber P., J. Nutr Biochem. June 2003;14(6):326-332; Roy M, Chakrabarty S, Sinha D, Bhattacharya R K, SiddiqiM, Mutat Res. February 2003, 523-524:33-41; and Pan T, Jankovic J, LeW., Drugs Aging. 2003; 20(10): 711-21. Therefore, a number of processesfor the preparation of tea extracts having improved or enhancedpolyphenol potency have been sought.

Most methods for producing tea or green tea extracts with enhancedpolyphenol potency require elevated temperatures during the extractionprocess and/or the use of specialized chemicals or organic solvents. Forexample, U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,672 to Hara, which is incorporated hereinby reference, discloses processes for the production of tea catechins.Specific catechins, such as epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechingallate, and epigallocatechin gallate may be produced by extracting tealeaves with hot water or an aqueous solution of methanol, ethanol, oracetone, washing the extract containing solution with chloroform,transferring the washed solution into an organic solvent, removing thesolution and then passing it through a reversed phase column in thepresence of an eluting solution. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,557,to Bombardelli et al. which is incorporated herein by reference,discloses an elaborate multi-step method for preparation of novelpolyphenol fractions of camellia sinensis which requires a number oforganic solvents and several phase separations.

While such methods may be effective for their respective purposes, theyeach require the use of one or more organic solvents or chemicalsubstances that are not generally fit for human consumption in anappreciable amount. Further, such extraction processes may requireheating or other processing conditions and equipment that can be ofsignificant expense and can adversely impact the color, flavor, andorganoleptic properties of the resulting tea product.

As a result, methods of preparing camellia sinensis extracts that havegood natural color, robust natural flavor, and pleasant organolepticproperties, which also is high in polyphenol content, and does notrequire heating or organic solvents, or chemicals, and products madetherefrom having such properties continue to be sought.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of preparing agreen tea extract which results in an extract composition having atleast some, if not all, of the following characteristics: a) a naturalgreen color provided by a green tea chlorophyll content of from about0.1% w/w to about 5.0% w/w; b) a total polyphenol content of from about15% w/w to about 95% w/w; c) a total free amino acid content of fromabout 0.1% w/w to about 15% w/w; and d) solubility in both hot and coldwater. In some aspects, the green tea chlorophyll content may be fromabout 0.5% w/w to about 4.0% w/w. In some aspects, the green teapolyphenols content may be from about 20% w/w to about 90% w/w. In otheraspects, the green tea EGCG content may be from 1% w/w to 85% w/w. Inother aspects, the amino acid content may be from about 0.5% w/w toabout 10% w/w. In yet further aspects, the amino acids may include atleast one member selected from the group consisting essentially of:theanine, glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamine, serine,threonine, alanine, asparagines, lysine, phenylalanine, valine, andmixtures thereof. In yet further aspects, the theanine content may befrom about 0.1% w/w to 10% w/w. Tea products made using such an extracthave been found to be optically pleasing and have a well receivednatural green tea taste and organoleptic properties. Additionally, teaproducts made from the extract provide a significant dose ofpolyphenols, as well as other positive health benefit imparting agents,such as amino acids, L-theanine, tannins, caffeine, and variousminerals, vitamins, proteins, and soluble fibers.

In one aspect, the method of the present invention may include the stepsof: a) providing a quantity of fresh green tea leaves; b) reducing theleaves to leaf fragments; c) combining the quantity of crushed leaveswith an amount of cold water having a temperature of about 25° C. orless, that is sufficient to provide a mixture of leaves and water havinga ratio of from about 1:0.01 to about 1:40 (w/w); d) pulverizing theleaves in the mixture of leaves and water and maintaining said mixturefor an amount of time sufficient to allow release of intracellularmaterial from the tea leaf cells into the water to create an aqueousextract component, and a leaf residue component; and e) removing theleaf residue component from the aqueous extract component. It should benoted that in some aspects, a temperature condition of about 50° C. orless may be controlled throughout the extraction process.

Additional steps may be taken before or after the extraction process inorder to inactivate the enzyme existing in the fresh green tea leaves.The inactivation process may be conducted on either the fresh green tealeaves or the prepared green tea extracts by using steam, microwave, orinstantaneous heat.

Additional steps may be taken in the process in order to provide theextract in a desired physical form, or with a desired chemical content.For example, in one aspect, the method may further comprise drying theaqueous extract to a solid or semi-solid state. In some aspects, theextract may be dried into a powder form. One or more excipients, such asbinders and stabilizers may be added to the extract. Additionally, oneor more positive health benefit imparting agents may be added to theextract to provide additional desired therapeutic effects.

It is to be understood that only fresh green tea leaves and cold waterare to be used, and that no heat is to be added during the entireextraction process of the present invention and a that temperature ofabout 50° C. or less is maintained throughout the extraction process. Inthis way, the good natural color, fresh flavor, and organolepticproperties of the green tea plant are preserved and provided to aproduct made with the extract. Additionally, polyphenol concentrationremains high, and the resultant extract is soluble in both hot and coldwater.

In some aspects, the fresh green tea leaves provided and used have beenharvested from the green tea plant camellia sinensis, which arenon-fermented or very slightly fermented. In some aspects, the leavesmay be used for less than 48 hours after harvested.

Once provided, the quantity of green tea leaves is mixed with an amountof the cold water. The amount of the cold water used to form the leafand water mixture may be an amount that suitably provides a leaf towater ratio of from about 1:0.01 to about 1:40 (w/w). In one aspect, theratio may be about 1:1 to 1:30 (w/w). In another aspect, the ratio maybe about 1:5-1:20 (w/w). Such quantities have been known to yield agreen tea extract at a ratio of from about 0.01:1 to about 40:1 with thequantity of green tea leaves provided. In one aspect, the ratio of greentea leaves provided to tea extract obtained by the present method may beabout 1:1 to 30:1. In a detailed aspect, the ratio of green tea leavesprovided to tea extract obtained by the present method may be about 5:1to 20:1.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the green tea leaves ofthe leaf and water mixture are pulverized in order to release theintracellular material containing the beneficial or therapeuticsubstances from the tea leaf cells, and form an aqueous componentcontaining such materials, and a leaf residue component. Such a steptypically results in the rupture of at least about 75% of all green tealeaf cells. In another aspect, the amount of cells ruptured may be fromabout 80% to about 99% of all green tea leaf cells are ruptured. In afurther aspect, at least about 99% of all green tea leaf cells areruptured. Rupturing of the leave's cellular material is important inorder to release the intracellular elements into the water component ofthe extract.

After the tea leaves of the leave and water mixtures have beenadequately pulverized, the remaining leaf cell residue is removed fromthe aqueous mixture. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize anumber of suitable mechanism for effecting such removal, includingcentrifugation, super centrifugation, filtration, ultra filtration, etc.

Optionally, the method of the present invention may include the step ofsterilizing, either the plant material once received, or the finalextract form, or an intermediate extract form. Those of ordinary skillin the art will therefore recognize a number of suitable sterilizationprocedures suitable for use given the temperature constraints of theprocess. However, in one aspect, the sterilization may be accomplishedwith steam or radiation.

The green tea extracts from this invention can be applied to food,functional food, beverage, functional beverage, tea and coffee beverage,dairy products, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals,cosmetics, skin care, oral care, personal care and dermatologicalproducts.

There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, various features of theinvention so that the detailed description thereof that follows may bebetter understood, and so that the present contribution to the art maybe better appreciated. Other features of the present invention willbecome clearer from the following detailed description of the invention,taken with the accompanying claims, or may be learned by the practice ofthe invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions

In describing and claiming the present invention, the followingterminology will be used in accordance with the definitions set forthbelow.

The singular forms “a,” “an,” and, “the” include plural referents unlessthe context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to“a solvent” includes reference to one or more of such solvents, andreference to “the excipient” includes reference to one or more of suchexcipients.

As used herein, “formulation” and “composition” may be usedinterchangeably and refer to a combination of elements that is presentedtogether for a given purpose. Such terms are well known to those ofordinary skill in the art.

The phrase “green tea” has been traditionally used to refer to a hotbeverage that is created by infusing, steeping, or brewing leaves fromthe plant camellia sinensis. However, in more recent times, the phrase“green tea” has also been used to refer to the camellia sinensis plantitself, for example “green tea plant”, and has further been used torefer to products derived from such plant. Accordingly, as used herein,“green tea” refers to an item or product that contains one or moreelements having the camellia sinensis plant as the source thereof. Forexample “green tea extracts”, “green tea beverages”, “green tea fooditems,” “green tea tablet”, and “green tea powder”, would all be itemsor products that include one or more elements derived from the camelliasinensis plant. Therefore, all such phrases would fall within thedefinition of “green tea” as used herein.

As used herein with respect to a temperature for the processingconditions of the preparation of a green tea extract, or with respect toa component or element used in the preparation of a green tea extract,“cold” refers to a temperature that is less than temperatures typicallyused in traditional green tea extraction processes, such as steeping,infusing, brewing, etc. However, in some aspects, “cold” may refer to atemperature of about 50° C. or less. In another aspect, the temperaturemay be about 25° C. or less. In a further aspect, the temperature may befrom about 0° C. to about 45° C.

As used herein, “leaves” refers to not only the leaves of a plant, butalso to other parts that may be harvested and used for the same purposeas the leaves. For example, with respect to a camellia sinensis plantthe leaves may include not only the leaves, but also the buds.Additional portions of various plants may equally provide a desiredcharacteristic as that provided by a leaf, such as bark, roots, stem,cones, fruit, thistle, etc. Those of ordinary skill in the art will beable to suitably identify specific portions of a given plant that couldbe used to provide the same aspects for which the leaves are sought,such as being a source for a certain chemical substance.

As used herein with respect to green tea leaves, “fresh” refers toleaves that are harvested from a green tea plant camellia sinensis,which are non-fermented or very lightly fermented when they are used inthe present invention.

As used herein, “pulverize” refers to a process of physically acting onplant tissue in a manner that ruptures plant cells and allows for therelease of intracellular material therefrom.

As used herein, “polyphenols” refers to catechins from a camelliasinensis plant. The green tea polyphenols are composed of six kinds ofcatechins and its derivatives. EGCG is the largest in content and nextto this are EGC, EGC and EC in the decreasing order in amount.Gallocatechin (GC) and catechins (C) are usually minor components.

As used herein, “excipients” refers to one or more agents that can becombined with a green tea extract in order to provide specificallydesired physical or chemical properties, such as improved stability,flow, and lubrication, etc. Various materials are known as excipients inboth the pharmaceutical and food industries.

As used herein, “carrier,” “inert carrier,” and “pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier” may be used interchangeably and refer to an inertcarrier which may be combined with a green tea extract in order toprovide a desired formulation form. Those of ordinary skill in the artwill recognize a number of carriers that are well known for makingspecific dosage forms, such as liquids, tablets, capsules, powders,granules, food substances, etc.

As used herein, “herbal extract” refers to an extract from a plant,tree, bush, shrub, or other botanical organism other than from camelliasinensis, which may be used to impart a positive health benefit whenadministered to a subject. Similar respective meanings apply to theterms “fruit extract” and “vegetable extract” in that such terms referto positive health benefit imparting extracts obtained from variouscommonly known botanical organisms classified as “fruits” or“vegetables” and does not include extracts obtained from the camelliasinensis plant.

As used herein, “an effective amount” refers to an amount of thespecified constituent that is effective in attaining the purpose forwhich the constituent is provided. Therefore, an effective amount of acarrier would be an amount suitable for accepting a green tea extractand then providing a specified formulation, such as a tablet, granule,powder, etc.

Concentrations, amounts, solubilities, and other numerical data may bepresented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that suchrange format is used merely for convenience and brevity and should beinterpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitlyrecited as the limits of the range, but also to include all theindividual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that rangeas if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited.

For example, a concentration range of 1 to 5 should be interpreted toinclude not only the explicitly recited limits of 1 and 5, but also toinclude individual values such as 2, 7, 3.6, 4.2, and sub-ranges such as1-2.5, 1.8-3.2, 2.6-4.9, etc. This interpretation should applyregardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristic beingdescribed, and also applies to open-ended ranges reciting only one endpoint, such as “greater than 25,” or “less than 10”.

The Invention

The present invention provides green tea extract formulations containingcertain desirable properties and methods for the making thereof. Thegreen tea formulations are generally prepared in a manner that preservesand enhances the natural color, odor, taste, and other organolepticproperties of fresh green tea. Additionally, the formulations aretypically prepared so as to contain mostly, if not all, naturalingredients, and to have a high polyphenol content. Further, theformulations are typically soluble in both hot and cold water.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a green tea extract havingat least one or more, if not all, of the following characteristics: a) anatural green color provided by a green tea chlorophyll content of fromabout 0.1% w/w to about 5.0% w/w; b) a total polyphenol content of fromabout 15% w/w to about 95% w/w; c) a total free amino acid content offrom about 0.1% w/w to about 15% w/w; and d) solubility in both hot andcold water.

The natural green color is provided by the unoxidized green teachlorophyll content of the extract. As is known in the art, thepreparation of oolong and black teas requires the fermentation of greentea leaves, which oxidizes the chlorophyll in the leaves and causes thecolor of beverages and extracts prepared therefrom to be brown, tan, orred. By contrast, the green tea extract of the present invention retainsactive chlorophyll content of from about 0.05% w/w to about 8% w/w thatimparts a green to green-yellow color. In one aspect, the amount ofactive chlorophyll may be from about 0.1% w/w to about 5.0% w/w of theextract. In another aspect, the active chlorophyll content may be fromabout 0.5% w/w to about 4% w/w of the extract. In a further aspect, thechlorophyll content may be from about 0.5% w/w to about 3.0% w/w.

As discussed above, polyphenols have recently been discovered to have anumber of desirable positive health benefits, particularly in preventingor treating various chronic conditions, such as cancer andatherosclerosis. Accordingly, it has been recognized as desirable toprovide a green tea extract with high polyphenol content. Many processesof extraction are known which target only the polyphenols for removalfrom a green tea plant by using organic solvents and chemicals. Whilethe present extraction method is capable of obtaining an extract withhigh polyphenol content, its purpose is not to target and extractpolyphenols only, but rather to provide an extract that includes manybeneficial nutrients naturally existing in green tea leaves. Inaccordance with the present invention, such an extract can be obtainedusing a solvent-free cold water extraction process, and can in someaspects, be used to prepare a green tea product that has the visual,taste, and organoleptic characteristics recited herein.

Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention, a green tea extracthaving a polyphenol content of from about 15% w/w to about 95% w/w maybe obtained using the methods recited herein. In another aspect, thepolyphenol content may be from about 20% w/w to about 90% w/w. In yetanother aspect, the polyphenol content may be from about 25% w/w toabout 85% w/w. Alternatively, the polyphenol content of the extract maybe recited by total polyphenol content provided by an extract when usedto prepare a single serving of a food or beverage item, for example, an8 oz. tea beverage. In one aspect, the amount may be sufficient toprovide a single serving of a food or beverage item with at least about100 mg of polyphenols. In another aspect, the amount of polyphenols maybe at least about 300 mg. In yet another aspect, the amount ofpolyphenols may be at least about 600 mg.

Of green tea polyphenols, EGCG has the most potent antioxidativeactivity. Accordingly, in one aspect of the present invention, a greentea extract having an EGCG content of from about 1% w/w to about 85% w/wmay be obtained using the methods recited herein. In another aspect, theEGCG content may be from about 3% w/w to about 80% w/w. In yet anotheraspect, the EGCG content may be from about 5% w/w to about 75% w/w.Alternatively, the EGCG content of the extract may be recited by EGCGcontent provided by an extract when used to prepare a single serving ofa food or beverage item, for example, an 8 oz. tea beverage. In oneaspect, the amount may be sufficient to provide a single serving of afood or beverage item with at least about 50 mg of EGCG. In anotheraspect, the amount of EGCG may be at least about 150 mg. In yet anotheraspect, the amount of EGCG may be at least about 300 mg.

It has been discovered that one important element in obtaining a greentea extract that imparts a natural green tea taste is the amino acidcontent. A number of amino acids are known to be present in green tea,including without limitation theanine, glutamic acid, arginine, asparticacid, glutamine, serine, threonine, alanine, asparagines, lysine,phenylalanine, valine, and mixtures thereof. Accordingly, in one aspect,the green tea extract of the present invention may be prepared so as tohave a sufficient amount of such amino acids as to impart a naturalgreen tea taste to a beverage or food item to which it is incorporated.In another aspect, the amount of amino acids may be from about 0.1% w/wto about 15% w/w of the extract. In yet another aspect, the amount ofamino acids may be from about 0.5% to about 10% of the extract. In yetfurther aspects, the theanine content may be from about 0.1% w/w to 10%w/w. In another aspect, the amount of theanine may be from about 0.5%w/w to about 8% w/w of the extract. In yet another aspect, the amount oftheanine may be from about 1% to about 6% of the extract.

It has additionally been found that by using cold water and temperatureconditions during the preparation of a green tea extract may yield anextract that is soluble in both hot and cold water. As such, in oneaspect of the present invention, the green tea extract may be soluble inboth cold and hot water, and therefore may be used to create a varietyof green tea products and other beverages, as well as be convenient foruse in a number of dietary supplement and food items.

The method of the present invention is one that allows the production ofa green tea extract formulation having one or more of thecharacteristics as recited herein. Generally, the first step is toharvest tea leaves from a green tea plant and to begin the extractionprocess using the leaves, which are non-fermented or very slightlyfermented. It has been found that by using the fresh tea leaves of thistype, that many of the desired characteristics, such as natural greentea taste, color, and polyphenol content are substantially improved.

Once the leaves have been harvested, it may be desirable to reduce theleaves in size, for example leaf fragments, rather than adding to thewater as whole leaves. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognizea variety of mechanisms for reducing the leaves to leaf fragments orbits, such as by chopping, cutting, crushing, tearing, slicing, etc.,any of which may be suitably used. While the temperature of the coldwater may vary, in some aspects, it may be less than about 25° C. Inanother aspect, the water temperature may be from about 0° C. to about20° C. In yet another aspect, the water temperature may be from about 0°C. to about 15° C. In a further aspect, the water temperature may befrom about 0° C. to about 10° C. In an additional aspect, thetemperature may be less than about 25° C. Additionally, if the amount ofwater with which the quantity of leaves is mixed may also vary. However,in one aspect, the quantity of leaves may be mixed with an amount ofwater, which is sufficient to provide a ratio of from about 1:0.01 toabout 1:40 (w/w). In another aspect, the ratio may be from about 1:1 toabout 1:30. In yet another aspect, the ratio may be about 1:5 to about1:20.

Once the appropriate mixture ratio of leaves to water is obtained, theleaves of the mixture are then pulverized, in order to ruptured thecells of the tea leaves, and the mixture is maintained for an amount oftime sufficient to release intracellular material from the leaves intothe water and create an aqueous extract component and a leaf residuecomponent. It should be understood that any method of pulverizing whichphysically ruptures the tea leaf cells, such as homogenizing, milling,grinding, chopping, blending, cutting, tearing, etc., may be used. Anumber of specific devices that may be suitably used to pulverized thetea leaves in the leaf and water mixture will be recognized by those ofordinary skill in the art, such as homogenizer, colloidal mills, stonemills, ball mills or tangential fluid energy mills. In accordance withthe present method, the leaves in the leaf and water mixture may besubjected to various degrees of pulverization. However, in one aspect,at least about 75% of all green tea leaf cells may be ruptured. Inanother aspect, at least about 80% to about 99% of all green tea leafcells may be ruptured. In a further aspect, at least about 99% of allgreen tea leaf cells may be ruptured.

The specific degree of pulverization, as well as other factors such asthe exact type of green tea plant used, the time of year at which theleaves were harvested, and the amount of time that the leaf and watermixture is maintained following pulverization, will determine theefficiency of the overall extract process. However, in one aspect, theprocess may be conducted so that the quantity of green tea leaves usedprovides an amount of green tea extract in a ratio of from about 0.01:1to about 40:1 (w/w). In another aspect, the ratio of leaves provided toextract obtained may be from about 1:1 to about 30:1. In yet anotheraspect, the ratio may be about 5:1 to about 20:1.

Once the aqueous extract component has received a desired amount ofintracellular material, the leaf residue component may be removed orseparated from the aqueous extract component, and the aqueous extractcomponent may then be collected. Those of ordinary skill in the art willrecognize a number of ways in which the leaf residue component may bephysically separated from the aqueous extract component, such as bycentrifugation, super centrifugation, filtration, ultra filtration,etc., which do not require elevated temperatures, or any chemicals, suchas solvents, etc. It is important to note, that the resultant aqueousextract, need not be visually clear, but rather may be cloudy, orsomewhat opaque in nature, and that such visual characteristics may insome instances be necessary in order to provide one or more of thedesirable formulation characteristics recited herein, such as a highpolyphenol, or polysaccharide content. Additionally, it should be notedthat in some aspects, tea beverages created using the extractformulations of the present invention may also display a somewhat cloudyor opaque, visual characteristic. Alternatively, in some aspects, thegreen tea extracts of the present invention may be further processed ina manner sufficient to provide a clear tea beverage.

It is to be noted that the fresh green tea leaves and cold water havebeen used and no heat is added during the entire extraction process ofthe present invention, and a temperature of about 50° C. or less hasbeen maintained throughout the extraction process.

After the aqueous extract component has been collected it may be used inthe formation of various products, or it may, optionally be furtherprocessed in order to create an extract formulation having desiredcharacteristics. For example, in one aspect, after collection, theaqueous extract may be dried into a solid or a semi-solid state, such asa powdered form. Any of the various well known drying techniques, suchas freeze-drying, or spray drying may be used. Additionally, variousexcipients may be added to the extract, either before or after drying,which are required in order to provide a formulation with desiredproperties or forms, such as a powder, granule, tablet, capsule, etc.Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize a number of excipientsthat may be suitably added, such as fillers, binders, sweeteners,flavors and other ingredients. Nearly any excipients that are known foruse in the preparation of oral dosage pharmaceutical products, ornatural supplement products, can be used. Examples of such excipientsinclude without limitation, carbomer, carboxymethylcellulose sodium,cellulose, dextrin, dextrose, ethylcellulose, fructose, gelatin, guargum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, glucose, maltodextrin, mannitol, methylcellulose,microcrystalline cellulose, polymethacrylates, povidone, sorbitol,starches, sucrose, sugar, sucralose, stevia, and flavor agents.

The additional process may be taken before or after the extractionprocess in order to inactivate the enzyme existing in the green tealeaves. However, the inactivation process may be conducted on the freshgreen tea leaves by steam, microwave or instantaneous heat, or may beconducted on the prepared green tea extract instead of the fresh greentea leaves.

A number of agents may be included in the extraction process and theformulation of the present invention in order to improve the stabilitythereof by decreasing degradation of polyphenols, chlorophyll, or otherbeneficial ingredients, provided by the green tea plant, such asL-theanine, tannins, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, proteins, andsoluble fiber. However, in one aspect, the stabilizer may be anantioxidant. Examples of such agents which may be used include withoutlimitation, vitamin C, or its derivatives, vitamin E or its derivatives,grape seed and its extract, wine and fruit polyphenols, beta-carotene,co-enzyme Q-10, alpha lipoic acid, N-acetyl cysteine, ascorbylpalmitate, butylhydroxinon, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT), citric acid, calcium lactate, dodecyl gallate,erythorbic acid, fumaric acid, gallic acid, lactic acid, malic acid,magnesium lactate, octyl gallate, phosphoric acid, potassium citrate,potassium lactate, potassium tartrate, sodium ascorbate, sodium citrate,sodium erythobate, sodium lactate, sodium metabisulfite, sodiumphosphate, sodium tartrate. In a detailed aspect, the antioxidant may bevitamin C or a vitamin C derivative, vitamin E or a vitamin Ederivative, citric acid or its derivative, gallic acid or itsderivative, and malic acid.

In addition to the aforementioned excipients, in one aspect, one or morepositive health benefit imparting agents may be combined with the greentea extract in order to produce a formulation with specifically desiredtherapeutic properties. A wide variety of positive health benefitimparting agents may be included as desired, such as vitamins, minerals,amino acids, proteins, and other herbal, fruit, and/or vegetable extractagents. For example, vitamins either water soluble or oil soluble may beadded. Water soluble vitamins specifically contemplated include withoutlimitation, vitamin B₁, B₂, B₃, B₅, B₆, B₁₂, B₁₃, B₁₅, B₁₇, biotin,choline, folic acid, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), vitamin C,and vitamin P. Additionally, oil soluble vitamins include, but are notlimited to: vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.

Examples of supplemental amino acids that can be added include withoutlimitation: alanine, arginine, carnitine, gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA), glutamine, glycine, histidine, lysine, methionine, N-acetylcysteine, ornithine, phenylalanine, taurine, tyrosine, and valine.

Examples of antioxidants that can be added include without limitation:vitamin C or its derivatives, vitamin E or its derivatives, grape seedor its extract, wine polyphenols or wine extract, fruit polyphenols,beta-carotene, noni extract and co-enzyme Q-10, and mixture thereof.

Examples of herbal extract agents that may be added include withoutlimitation, Ginseng, Ginko Biloba, Dong Qui, Hawthorn Berry, St. John'sWort, Saw Palmetto, Kava Kava, Rose Hips, Echinacea, Licorice Root,Grape Seed, Chammomile, Sea Buckthorn, Aloe Vera, Cinnamon Bark,Cordyceps, Ho Shou Wu, Dandelion, Gynostemma, Mushroom, Notginseng, DanShen, Ginger, Garcinia, Guggulu, Sage, Barberry, Gokshura, Celery seed,psyllium seed husk, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of fruit extracts that may be included include withoutlimitation, Apple, Apricot, Banana, Blueberry, Cranberry, Cherry, Fig,Grape, Grapefruits, Hawthorn Berry, Huckleberry, Kiwi, Kumquat, Lemon,Lime, Mango, Melon, Nectarine, Noni fruit, Orange, Papaya, Peach, Pear,Persimmon, Pineapple, Plum, Pomegranate, Raspberry, Strawberry,Tangerine, Watermelon.

Examples of vegetable extracts include without limitation Artichoke,Avocado, Asparagus, Beans, Bell Pepper, Broccoli, Brussels Sprout,Cabbage, Cauliflower, Carrot, Celery, Cucumber, Eggplant, green bean,Lettuce, Onion, Parsley, Pea, Potato, Pumpkin, Radish, Radicchio,Rhubarb, Spinach, Tomato, Zucchini, and mixtures thereof.

It is important to remember that a temperature of about 50° C. or lessis maintained throughout the entire extraction process of the presentinvention. It is believed that maintaining the process below thistemperature contributes to the optical, taste, organoleptic, and potencycharacteristics of the present formulations. Additionally, it isbelieved that the cold temperatures at which the present method iscarried out aids in rendering the resulting green tea extractformulations soluble in cold, as well as hot water.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are provided in order to promote a more clearunderstanding of certain embodiments of the invention, and are in no waymeant as a limitation thereon.

Example 1 Green Tea Extract Method

First, by steaming fresh green tea leaves immediately picked from agreen tea plant, the enzymes in the tea leaves are inactivated. Thesteaming temperature is 90°±5° C. for up to 30 seconds. The steamedgreen tea leaves are immediately cooled with a cooler or ice, and cutand crushed. One kilogram of the crushed green tea leaves are initiallymixed with 0.5 kg of iced purified water containing a pre-determinedamount of selected antioxidants. The leaves are then pulverized using ahigh-pressure homogenizer with a continuous, multiple-feed in-linesystem, and the temperature of the system is controlled below 50° C.,preferably 0-25° C., until at least 99% of all green tea leaf cells areruptured and a homogenous mixture is obtained which includes an aqueousextract component and a leaf residue component. The mixture is thencentrifuged by a refrigerated super-centrifuging machine to separate thegreen tea aqueous extract component from the leaf residue component. Ifnecessary, the multiple pulverizing and centrifuging processes can bemade. The obtained green tea extracts can be mixed with selectedpharmaceutical/food excipients and other ingredients if necessary andfreeze-dried. The green tea leave residues can be kept and furtherprocessed as green tea fiber.

Example 2 Green Tea Extract Method

Fresh green tea leaves were picked from tea plant, and reduced in size.Approximately one kilogram of the crushed leaves are initially mixedwith 20 kg of iced purified water containing a pre-determined amount ofselected antioxidant agents. The pulverization process is conducted byusing high efficiency colloid mill having a continuous, multiple-feedin-line system, and the temperature of the system is controlled below50° C., preferably 0-10° C. until at least 99% of all green tea leafcells are ruptured and a homogenous mixture with a green tea aqueousextract component and a leaf residue component is obtained. The mixtureis then centrifuged by a refrigerated super-centrifuging machine toseparate the green tea extracts and leaf residue. The obtained green teaextracts can be mixed with selected pharmaceutical/food excipients andother ingredients if necessary and spray-dried. The green tea leaveresidues can be kept and further processed as green tea fiber.

Example 3 Polyphenol Content from Green Tea Extracts

Sixteen batches of green tea extracts using the method disclosed in thisinvention were assayed by a validated HPLC method for the content oftotal polyphenols. The results are summarized in Table I.

TABLE I The Contents of Total Polyphenols from Different Batches ofGreen Tea Extracts EGC C EC EGCG GC ECG Total Batch Number (%) (%) (%)(%) (%) (%) (%) TTI GT 053102 9.16 0.98 4.92 9.23 0.44 4.43 29.17 TTI GT053102-P4 9.67 0.77 4.68 11.37 0.53 4.13 31.15 TTI GT 053102-T1 12.691.45 5.97 15.28 1.09 5.67 42.15 TTI GTM 033102-O 10.40 1.33 5.38 9.210.66 4.17 31.15 TTI GTM 033102-L 10.49 1.25 6.08 10.35 0.76 4.73 33.66TTI GTM 033102-R 12.25 1.31 6.09 10.10 0.71 4.74 35.20 TTI GT 080501-P19.42 0.80 5.04 11.96 0.51 5.20 32.93 TTI GT 112701-001 11.01 0.88 2.3713.57 0.35 2.76 30.94 TTI GT 052001-P1 12.60 0.20 5.22 7.80 0.10 3.4029.32 TTI GT 052001-P5 9.34 0.30 2.73 13.39 0.79 4.05 30.60 TTI GTP1-15-So 13.86 0.51 4.11 12.53 0.29 5.36 36.66 TTI GT P5-15 11.14 0.291.74 13.81 0.84 3.92 31.74 TTI GT 102601-P4 11.61 0.40 2.37 13.85 0.372.82 31.42 TTI GT 070701-P1 10.26 0.79 4.98 12.45 0.48 5.20 34.16 TTI GT070701-P2 8.44 0.35 2.10 14.50 1.32 3.99 30.70 TTI GT 051501-K 10.571.51 4.54 11.36 0.27 4.88 33.13 Average 10.81 0.82 4.27 11.92 0.59 4.3432.75 Std. Dev. 1.49 0.45 1.51 2.14 0.32 0.86 3.24 C = Catechin; EC =Epicatechin; GC = Gallocatechins; EGC = Epigallocatechin; ECG =Epicatechin gallate; EGCG = Epigallocatechin gallate.

Example 4 Comparison of Tea Products with Leading Brands

The polyphenol contents from 36 commercially available green tea/teaproducts were assayed by using a validated HPLC method. All samples wereprepared followed the product label instructions: to prepare the tea bagsamples, pour 8 oz. of boiling water over one tea bag, steep for 7-10minutes, then pull the bag up and down for 3-5 times. To prepare teafrom powder or concentrates, add the indicated measurement of tea powderinto 8 oz. water, and stir until dissolved. To prepare a bottled tea,shake well before the assay. All prepared samples were assayed by HPLC.The results are listed in Table II.

TABLE II Comparison with Green Tea/Tea Products to Leading Brands NetWt. Polyphenols No. Company Product Name (Per serving) (mg) Note 1 XelTeaTech Instant 2 g* >300  Natural Green (TeaTech) Green Tea Beveragepowder, Mix 2 A Instant Tea/ 0.8 g 10-15 Brown Unsweetened powder 3 AInstant Tea/Decaf 0.8 g <1 Brown powder 4 A Iced Tea Mix/Decaf 1.5 g <1Brown powder 5 A Iced Tea Mix/Lemon 18 g 2-3 Brown powder 6 B Iced TeaMix/ 1 g 40-45 Brown Unsweetened powder 7 B Iced Tea Mix/Decaf 1 g 30-35Brown powder 8 B Iced Tea Mix/Sugar 2 g <1 Brown Free powder 9 B IcedTea Mix/Sugar 26 g <1 Brown powder 10 A Iced Tea/Unsweetened 16 fl oz.30-35 Ready-to- Drink 11 A Iced Tea/Sweetened 16 fl oz. 20-25 Ready-to-Drink 12 A Iced Tea/Lemon 16 fl oz. 15-20 Ready-to- Drink 13 A IcedTea/Raspberry 16 fl oz. 15-20 Ready-to- Drink 14 B Iced Tea/Lemon 16 floz. <1 Ready-to- Drink 15 B Iced Tea/Peach 16 fl oz. <1 Ready-to- Drink16 B Iced Tea/Diet, Lemon 16 fl oz. 3-5 Ready-to- Drink 17 BConcentrated Green 36 g 40-45 Concentrated Tea/Original Liquid 18 BConcentrated Green 36 g <1 Concentrated Tea/Lemon Liquid 19 BConcentrated Green 36 g <1 Concentrated Tea/Raspberry Liquid 20 C IcedTea/Lemon 12 fl oz. <1 Ready-to- Drink 21 D Green Tea/Ginseng 20 fl oz.35-40 Ready-to- Drink 22 E Green Tea/Ginkgo 20 fl oz. 40-45 Ready-to-Drink 23 E Iced Tea/Lemon 16 fl oz.  5-10 Ready-to- Drink 24 E IcedTea/Raspberry 16 fl oz. 10-15 Ready-to- Drink 25 F Ginseng Green Tea 20fl oz. 50-55 Ready-to- Drink 26 G Ginseng Green Tea 20 fl oz. 105-110Ready-to- Drink 27 H Green Tea/Fruit Juice 14 fl oz. 30-40 Ready-to-Drink 28 I Iced Green Tea 16 fl oz. <5 Ready-to- Drink 29 J Iced GreenTea 16 fl oz. <5 Ready-to- Drink 30 K Green Tea 2 g/bag 30-40 Tea bag 31K Green Tea/Decaf 2 g/bag 10-15 Tea bag 32 A Green Tea/Mint 1.3 g/bag20-25 Tea bag 33 A Green Tea/Decaf 1.4 g/bag 20-25 Tea bag 34 L GreenTea/Peach 1.3 g/bag 25-30 Tea bag 35 H Green Tea/Black Tea 1.9 g/bag15-20 Tea bag 36 M Green Tea 1.5 g/bag 15-20 Tea bag 37 N Green Tea 2g/bag 25-30 Tea bag *One serving of TeaTech Instant Green Tea beverageMix contains about 1 gram of green tea extract obtained by usingextraction method from this invention.

It is obvious that the green tea beverage made from green tea extractfrom this invention has much higher polyphenols than any othercommercial green tea or tea beverage products.

Example 5 Stability of Green Tea Products

The stability study was conducted with three lots of the instant greentea products using the green tea extract disclosed in this invention.The product was stored at room temperature for up to one year. At t=0, 6and 12 months, one canister of instant green tea product was opened. Thepolyphenols contents were assayed by HPLC method. The results aresummarized in Table III a-c.

TABLE III-a T = 0 time point of 20020801 lot of green tea product LotNumber EGC C EC EGCG GCG ECG Total (mg) TTI-IGT-L- 91.78 17.92 56.7492.77 6.65 40.39 306.25 20020801 91.36 18.11 56.99 92.34 5.56 40.44304.80 92.05 17.88 55.95 91.89 6.23 41.28 305.28 Mean 91.73 17.97 56.5692.33 6.15 40.70 305.44 SD 0.35 0.12 0.54 0.44 0.55 0.50 0.74 TTI-IGT-O-91.91 16.55 52.97 90.52 6.06 44.19 302.22 20020801 91.25 17.05 54.2591.33 5.78 42.55 302.21 90.68 16.75 53.98 92.65 6.16 40.36 300.58 Mean91.28 16.78 53.73 91.50 6.00 42.37 301.67 SD 0.62 0.25 0.67 1.07 0.201.92 0.94 TTI-IGT-R- 94.14 13.04 59.20 95.23 6.42 39.41 307.44 2002080193.44 15.24 58.23 93.47 6.14 40.22 306.74 92.88 14.66 57.68 91.79 5.8741.13 304.01 Mean 93.49 14.31 58.37 93.50 6.14 40.25 306.06 SD 0.63 1.140.77 1.72 0.28 0.86 1.81

TABLE III-b T = 6 month time point of 20020801 lot of green tea productLot Number EGC C EC EGCG GCG ECG Total (mg) TTI-IGT-L- 91.65 17.88 54.8891.79 6.55 40.44 303.19 20020801 92.44 17.95 56.01 92.45 5.78 41.28305.91 91.98 18.24 55.77 90.92 6.33 40.68 303.92 Mean 92.02 18.02 55.5591.72 6.22 40.80 304.34 SD 0.40 0.19 0.60 0.77 0.40 0.43 1.41 TTI-IGT-O-91.55 17.11 56.15 91.64 5.98 41.19 303.62 20020801 92.01 16.68 54.8992.22 6.45 43.01 305.26 90.49 17.48 55.66 91.06 6.22 42.44 303.35 Mean91.35 17.09 55.57 91.64 6.22 42.21 304.08 SD 0.78 0.40 0.64 0.58 0.240.93 1.03 TTI-IGT-R- 92.59 14.12 56.78 94.66 5.99 41.22 305.36 2002080194.24 14.25 57.07 95.11 5.44 40.36 306.47 93.44 13.95 59.01 93.87 6.1439.45 305.86 Mean 93.42 14.11 57.62 94.55 5.86 40.34 305.90 SD 0.83 0.151.21 0.63 0.37 0.89 0.56

TABLE III-c T = 12 month time point of 20020801 lot of green tea productLot Number EGC C EC EGCG GCG ECG Total (mg) TTI-IGT-L- 90.65 17.18 53.8890.79 6.55 40.44 299.49 20020801 91.44 17.05 55.01 91.45 5.78 39.28300.01 90.48 17.24 54.77 90.92 6.33 39.68 299.42 Mean 90.86 17.16 54.5591.05 6.22 39.80 299.64 SD 0.51 0.10 0.60 0.35 0.40 0.59 0.32 TTI-IGT-O-90.55 17.11 54.15 90.64 5.98 40.19 298.62 20020801 91.01 16.68 53.8491.22 5.45 39.91 298.11 91.12 16.91 53.92 90.47 5.52 40.05 297.99 Mean90.89 16.90 53.97 90.78 5.65 40.05 298.24 SD 0.30 0.22 0.16 0.39 0.290.14 0.33 TTI-IGT-R- 91.59 14.12 54.78 91.66 5.99 39.92 298.06 2002080190.24 13.88 55.07 92.11 5.44 40.36 297.10 91.24 13.87 54.44 92.87 5.6439.45 297.51 Mean 91.02 13.96 54.76 92.21 5.69 39.91 297.56 SD 0.70 0.140.32 0.61 0.28 0.46 0.48

Each assay was conducted using one serving amount of green tea product(equals to about 1 gram of green tea extract). The results show that ourgreen tea products are very stable up to one year at room temperature.The content of total polyphenols at 12 month time point was 97.6%compared to the value at t=0 time point. The product shelf life has beenset up to 3 years.

Example 6 Other Component Assay from Green Tea Extracts

Six batches of green tea extracts made by the extraction method fromthis invention were assayed for green tea beneficial nutrients andcaffeine contents. The results are summarized in Table IV-a and b.

TABLE IV-a The Contents of Vitamins, Amino Acids and Caffeine from SixBatches of Green Tea Extracts Caffeine Free Amino L-Theanine Vitamins(mg, %) Batch Number (%) Acids (%) (%) Va Vb Vc Ve TTI GT 053102-P4 4.064.32 2.95 2.25 3.45 315 82 TTI GTM 033102O 4.51 6.55 3.35 3.54 4.25 280124 TTI GT 112701-01 5.26 5.89 4.41 1.95 2.87 294 129 TTI GT 102601-P44.93 4.55 6.75 5.56 3.64 320 96 TTI GT 070701-P1 4.18 5.95 5.95 7.882.79 295 106 TTI GT 051501-K 3.42 4.33 5.25 6.90 3.89 311 150 Average4.39 5.27 4.78 4.68 3.48 303 114 Std. Dev. 0.71 0.75 0.94 2.28 0.48 1121

TABLE IV-b The Contents of Minerals from Six Batches of Green TeaExtracts Minerals (mg, %) Batch Number Ca P Fe Na K TTI GT 053102-P4 310410 14.22 6.65 1500 TTI GTM 033102O 680 560 20.56 7.88 2400 TTI GT112701-01 250 480 24.12 6.35 1900 TTI GT 102601-P4 745 320 31.55 7.592650 TTI GT 070701-P1 550 750 19.88 8.12 2200 TTI GT 051501-K 470 39025.58 6.45 2360 Average 501 485 22.65 7.17 2168 Std. Dev. 177 163 4.340.75 276

Example 7 Green Tea Chlorophyll Content Assay

The contents of green tea chlorophyll from 16 batches of green teaextracts made by the extraction method from this invention were assayed.The results are summarized in Table V. Depending on the harvesting timeand extraction ratio, the chlorophyll contents varied from 0.6 to 1.2%.

TABLE V Chlorophyll Contents from 16 Batches of Green Tea Extracts.Batch Number Chlorophyll (%) TTI GT 053102 0.85 TTI GT 053102-P4 0.92TTI GT 053102-T1 0.76 TTI GTM 033102-O 0.88 TTI GTM 033102-L 0.78 TTIGTM 033102-R 0.75 TTI GT 080501-P1 1.15 TTI GT 112701-001 0.94 TTI GT052001-P1 0.86 TTI GT 052001-P5 0.88 TTI GT P1-15-So 0.99 TTI GT P5-150.81 TTI GT 102601-P4 0.64 TTI GT 070701-P1 0.86 TTI GT 070701-P2 0.89TTI GT 051501-K 1.05 Average 0.87 Std. Dev. 0.10

It is to be understood that the above-described compositions and methodsare only illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention.Numerous modifications and alternative arrangements may be devised bythose skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope ofthe present invention and the appended claims are intended to cover suchmodifications and arrangements.

Thus, while the present invention has been described above withparticularity and detail in connection with what is presently deemed tobe the most practical and preferred embodiments of the invention, itwill be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that numerousmodifications, including, but not limited to, variations in materials,temperature, function, order, and manner of operation, assembly and usemay be made without departing from the principles and concepts set forthherein.

1. A green tea extract, having: a) no organic solvent or alcoholresidues, and not any chemical residues b) a natural unoxidized greencolor provided by a green tea chlorophyll content of from about 0.1% w/wto about 5.0% w/w; c) a total natural polyphenol content of from about15% w/w to about 95% w/w; d) a total natural free amino acid content offrom about 0.1% w/w to about 15% w/w; e) a total natural EGCG content offrom about 1% w/w to about 85% w/w; f) a fresh green tea taste; and g) anatural green tea fiber resulting in a cloudy or somewhat opaque (notclear) characteristic in an aqueous form, wherein the green tea extractis soluble in both hot and cold water.
 2. The green tea extract of claim1, wherein the total polyphenol content is from about 20% w/w to about90% w/w.
 3. The green tea extract of claim 2, wherein the totalpolyphenol content is from about 25% w/w to about 85% w/w.
 4. The greentea extract of claim 1, wherein the EGCG content is from about 3% w/w toabout 80%.
 5. The green tea extract of claim 4, wherein the EGCG contentis from about 5% w/w to about 75% w/w.
 6. The green tea extract of claim1, wherein the green tea chlorophyll content is from about 0.5% w/w toabout 4% w/w.
 7. The green tea extract of claim 6, wherein the green teachlorophyll content is from about 0.5% w/w to about 3% w/w.
 8. The greentea extract of claim 1, also having a theanine content of from about0.1% w/w to about 10% w/w.
 9. The green tea extract of claim 8, whereinthe theanine content is from about 0.5% to about 8% w/w.
 10. The greentea extract of claim 9, wherein the theanine content is from about 1% toabout 6% w/w.
 11. The green tea extract of claim 1, wherein the greentea extract, when combined with an effective amount of water, makes abeverage, each serving of which includes: a) a total polyphenol contentof at least about 100 mg; and b) an EGCG content of at least about 50mg.
 12. A green tea extract as set forth in claim 1 prepared accordingto a method comprising the following steps performed at a temperaturecondition of about 50° C. or less: a) combining a quantity offresh-picked green tea leaves or leaf fragments from a camellia sinensisplant with an amount of cold water having a temperature of about 25° C.or less that is sufficient to provide a mixture of leaves and waterhaving a ratio of from about 1:0.01 to about 1:40 by weight; b)pulverizing the leaves or leaf fragments in the mixture and maintainingthe mixture for an amount of time sufficient to release intracellularmaterial from the leaf cells into the water to create an aqueous extractcomponent, and a leaf residue component; c) removing the leaf residuecomponent from the aqueous extract component; and d) drying the aqueousextract component to a solid or semi-solid state wherein the green teaextract has a green tea chlorophyll content of from about 0.1% w/w toabout 5.0% w/w which provides the extract with a natural green color,and a polyphenol content of from about 15% w/w to about 95% w/w, ofwhich greater than 80% is retained in the extract after storage for 12months.
 13. A green tea beverage, comprising: a) A green tea extract,having: i) a natural unoxidized green color provided by a green teachlorophyll content of from about 0.1% w/w to about 5.0% w/w; ii) atotal natural polyphenol content of from about 15% w/w to about 95% w/w;iii) a total natural free amino acid content of from about 0.1% w/w toabout 15% w/w; iv) an total natural EGCG content of from about 1% w/w toabout 85% w/w; v) a fresh green tea taste; and vi) a natural green teafiber resulting in a cloudy or somewhat opaque (not clear)characteristic in an aqueous form, b) an effective amount of water,wherein the green tea extract is present in an amount so that oneserving of the beverage provides at least about 100 mg of polyphenols.14. The green tea beverage of claim 13, wherein the green tea extract ispresent in an amount so that one serving of the beverage provides atleast about 300 mg of polyphenols.
 15. The green tea beverage of claim14, wherein the green tea extract is present in an amount so that oneserving of the beverage provides at least about 600 mg of polyphenols.16. The green tea beverage of claim 13, wherein the green tea extract ispresent in an amount so that one serving of the beverage provides atleast about 50 mg of EGCG.
 17. The green tea beverage of claim 16,wherein the green tea extract is present in an amount so that oneserving of the beverage provides at least about 150 mg of EGCG.
 18. Thegreen tea beverage of claim 17, wherein the green tea extract is presentin an amount so that one serving of the beverage provides at least about300 mg of EGCG.
 19. The green tea beverage of claim 13, wherein thegreen tea extract has a theanine content from about 0.1% w/w to about10% w/w.
 20. The green tea beverage of claim 19, wherein the green teaextract has a theanine content from about 0.5% w/w to about 8% w/w. 21.The green tea beverage of claim 20, wherein the green tea extract has atheanine content from about 1% w/w to about 6% w/w.
 22. The green teabeverage of claim 13, wherein the beverage has a natural green colorprovided by the chlorophyll in the green tea extract.
 23. The green teabeverage of claim 13, wherein the water is hot water.
 24. The green teabeverage of claim 13, wherein the water is cold water.
 25. The green teabeverage of claim 13, further comprising a fruit extract.
 26. The greentea beverage of claim 25, wherein the fruit extract is selected from thegroup consisting of: acai berry, apple, apricot, banana, blueberry,cranberry, cherry, fig, grape, grapefruits, hawthorn berry, huckleberry,kiwi, kumquat, lemon, lime, luohan fruit, lychee (litchi), mango, melon,nectarine, noni fruit, orange, papaya, peach, pear, persimmon,pineapple, plum, pomegranate, raspberry, strawberry, tangerine,watermelon, and mixtures thereof.
 27. The green tea beverage of claim13, further comprising a vegetable extract.
 28. The green tea beverageof claim 27, wherein the vegetable extract is selected from the groupconsisting of: artichoke, avocado, asparagus, beans, bell pepper,broccoli, brussels sprout, cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, celery,cucumber, eggplant, green bean, lettuce, onion, parsley, pea, potato,pumpkin; radish, radicchio, rhubarb, spinach, tomato, zucchini, andmixtures thereof.
 29. The green tea beverage of claim 13, furthercomprising at least one water-soluble vitamin selected from the groupconsisting of vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, vitamin B₃, vitamin B₅, vitaminB₆, vitamin B₁₂, vitamin B₁₃, vitamin B₁₅, vitamin B₁₇, biotin, choline,folic acid, inositol, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), vitamin C, vitaminP, and combinations thereof.
 30. The green tea beverage of claim 13,further comprising at least one oil-soluble vitamin selected from thegroup consisting of: vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, andcombinations thereof.
 31. The green tea beverage of claim 13, furthercomprising at least one amino acid ingredient selected from the groupconsisting of alanine, arginine, carnitine, gamma-aminobutyric acid,glutamine, glycine, histidine, lysine, methionine, N-acetyl cysteine,ornithine, phenylalanine, taurine, L-theanine, tyrosine, valine, andmixtures thereof.
 32. The green tea beverage of claim 13, furthercomprising an herbal extract.
 33. The green tea beverage of claim 32,wherein the herbal extract is selected from the group consisting ofginseng, ginkgo biloba, dong qui, hawthorn berry, goji berry, hoodia,St. John's wort, saw palmetto, kava kava, rose hips, echinacea, licoriceroot, grape seed, chamomile, sea buckthorn, aloe vera, cinnamon bark,cordyceps, ho shou wu, dandelion, gynostemma, mushroom, notoginseng, danshen, ginger, garcinia, guggulu, sage, barberry, gokshura, celery seed,psyllium seed husk, and mixtures thereof.
 34. A composition comprisingthe green tea extract of claim 1 and a carrier.
 35. The composition ofclaim 34, wherein the carrier is water, and the composition is abeverage.
 36. The composition of claim 34, wherein the carrier isselected from the group consisting of carboxymethylcellulose sodium,cellulose, dextrin, dextrose, ethylcellulose, fructose, gelatin, guargum, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, glucose, maltodextrin, mannitol, methylcellulose,microcrystalline cellulose, polymethacrylates, povidone, sorbitol,starches, sucrose, sugar, sucralose, stevia, flavor agents, andcombinations thereof.
 37. The composition of claim 34, wherein thecomposition is formulated as a solid oral dosage form.
 38. Thecomposition of claim 37, wherein the composition is formulated as achewing gum.
 39. The composition of claim 37, wherein the composition isformulated as a tablet.
 40. The composition of claim 37, wherein thecomposition is formulated as a powder.
 41. The composition of claim 37,wherein the composition is formulated as a lozenge.